节杆菌YB6发酵滤液稳定性测定及其对盆栽番茄青枯病的防治效果

节杆菌YB6 (Arthrobacter spp.)为番茄青枯病拮抗菌株,其发酵滤液稳定性测定结果表明,该发酵滤液对热、酸碱及蛋白酶K敏感,在60益及其以上温度失去抑菌活性;强酸强碱条件和蛋白酶K浓度1.5 mg/mL以上均会使其活性显著下降;对光照和紫外线稳定,5 h紫外线照射和35 000 lx光照条件下抑菌活性无显著变化。抗菌谱研究显示,对测试的8种病原菌均有抑制效果,其中对甘蔗黑粉病和小麦赤霉病抑制效果较强,抑菌率分别达88.6%和80.2%。以蘸根对番茄青枯病的防效最好,其防治率达到65.0%。     

花粉杀菌方法比较及紫外线杀菌工艺

以花粉为研究材料,通过比较湿热灭菌,微波处理,^60Co辐照灭菌、乙醇灭菌,紫外线灭菌对细菌数目、Vc保存率的影响。比较不同杀菌方式对花粉的影响结果表明：微波灭菌、^60Co辐照灭菌灭菌效果较好;从Vc保存率来看,乙醇灭菌、紫外线灭菌效果较好。研究了紫外线灭菌工艺,结果表明杀菌时间为3h,紫外灯功率为32w．照射距离为30cm较合适。     

麒麟菜即食风味食品杀菌技术研究

通过对麒麟菜多种杀菌工艺进行探讨,比较不同杀菌条件对麒麟莱风味食品外观、口感、质量的影响。结果表明：过氧化氢溶液对麒麟菜杀菌有显著效果,0．3％浓度过氧化氢杀菌10min为其最佳杀菌工艺,经处理的产品杀菌效果符合要求,感官品质令人满意;醋酸对麒麟菜即食食品杀菌结果表明,2．5％浓度醋酸杀菌40min,可以达到理想的效果;紫外线杀菌20min,杀菌效果较明显,相对于产品的感官影响较小。     

超高压均质对牛乳中微生物和酶的影响研究进展

超高压均质作为一种新兴的加工方式,与传统热处理和静态超高压相比,动态超高压处理具有可连续化、经济及热负荷低等诸多优点.随着压力的提高,高压均质带来的剪切、湍流和空化现象急剧增加,产品在处理过程中的温度瞬间增加,这为牛乳的杀菌和灭酶提供了新的途径.本文总结超高压均质在牛乳微生物和酶中的应用研究,现有的研究表明超高压均质对...     

地瓜干加工创新工艺研究

针对地瓜干传统加工法存在高硫(>1000mg·kg-1)、高糖(总糖含量60%-70%)、高杂菌、低水分(≤15%)的严重问题,研究出了无硫护色剂、臭氧灭菌、微波-蒸汽协同杀菌等先进技术和设备,应用到地瓜干加工中,生产出低硫(<10mg·kg-1)、低糖(总糖含量为40%左右)、低杂菌(低于商业标准)、高水分(水分大于20%)的地瓜干产品。规模生产实践表明,本工艺安全可靠,操作简便,易于实现生产自动化;产品安全卫生,口感好,色泽佳,已畅销日本、韩国、美国等市场。     

化学诱变结合离体选择选育胡椒抗瘟病无性系

在胡椒(PipernigrumLinn.)茎尖丛生芽增殖技术的基础上,以印尼大叶种“LampongType”无菌实生苗作外植体源,采用EMS(ethylmethanesulphonate)对胡椒茎尖进行化学诱变处理,并结合辣椒疫霉(Phytophthoracapsici)培养滤液对胡椒茎尖及其增殖形成的丛生芽进行离体选择。结果表明,利用EMS在胡椒茎尖接种前进行化学诱变可提高抗瘟病变异体的产生频率。利用EMS不同浓度和不同时间对胡椒实生苗茎尖处理后接种,不经离体选择,直接在再生植株上进行抗病检测,抗性植株频率在4.3%￣26.67%之间,而不施用化学诱变的处理则未获得抗性植株。利用不同浓度EMS和不同诱变处理时间结合不同浓度的辣椒疫霉培养滤液离体选择,各种组合所获得的抗性植株比率在33.33%￣100%范围,但各种组合均较EMS和辣椒疫霉培养滤液单独处理的要高,其中以1.0%EMS处理60min结合25%辣椒疫霉培养滤液处理的最好。     

Resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) of potato plants regenerated fromin vitro selected calli

Summary Cells of seven potato cultivars were selectedin vitro with culture filtrate (CF) ofPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Regenerated plants were tested for late blight resistance. The aim of the study was to check the efficacy of CF in the selection of potatoes for resistance to late blight and to evaluate the effects of additive factors on general resistance. One selection cycle, applied to a cell culture system, selected cells resistant to toxic metabolites of CF.In vivo screening of clones regenerated from selected cells was done in two steps: on whole plants, assessing foliage late blight, and on detached leaves, assessing single factors of horizontal resistance. In general, the frequency of resistant variants selected with CF did not differ from that of resistant somaclonal variants. Nevertheless, high concentrations of CF in the growth medium seemed to induce an improvement of some partial resistance factors as compared with the source plants.     

盾壳霉发酵物对向日葵过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性的影响

过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)是高等植物体内重要的代谢酶,与植物的抗性有密切关系。将盾壳霉固体发酵物稀释10倍对向日葵浸种,采用紫外分光光度法测定了盾壳霉固体发酵物浸种向日葵后POD和PPO活性的变化。结果表明:稀释10倍的盾壳霉固体发酵物拌种向日葵后,叶和根内POD活性明显高于对照,而茎中的POD活性与对照相比,差异不显著;根内PPO活性明显高于对照,而叶和茎中的PPO活性与对照相比,差异不显著。盾壳霉发酵物诱导了叶中POD活性和根内POD、PPO活性的提高,可增强植物对病原菌的抵抗能力。     

Alcohol diluent provides the optimal formulation for calcium chloride non-surgical sterilization in dogs

Background

Surgical castration is widely used to sterilize male dogs, but has significant impacts on time to perform the operation, recovery of the animals as well as cost, which can limit population control programs. Previous research has shown intratesticular injection of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂) in saline to be a promising alternative to surgery. However, long-term azoospermia was not maintained at dosages low enough to avoid side effects. In the search for an optimized formulation, the current investigation is the first study on long-term sterilization effects of intratesticular injection of CaCl₂ in either lidocaine solution or alcohol in dogs. CaCl₂ at 20% concentration in lidocaine solution or alcohol was administered via intratesticular injection to groups of 21 dogs each. The treated animals were examined at 2, 6, and 12 months for sperm production, blood levels of testosterone, and side effects; at time zero and 12 months for testicular size and semen volume. The experimentally treated animals were compared to a control group receiving saline injection only.

Results

Testicles of dogs treated with CaCl₂ in either diluent significantly decreased in size. After administration of CaCl₂ in lidocaine solution, sterility was achieved for at least 12 months in 75% of treated dogs. However, optimal long-term contraceptive effectiveness was achieved with CaCl₂ in alcohol, which resulted in azoospermia over the 12-month study period. Testosterone levels significantly decreased following treatment with CaCl₂, and sexual activity disappeared. Although testosterone returned to baseline levels by 12 months for the group treated with CaCl₂ in lidocaine, dogs injected with CaCl₂ in alcohol had a 63.6% drop in testosterone level, which remained at the low end of physiological range throughout the study. No adverse effects were noted.

Conclusions

A single, bilateral intratesticular injection of 20% CaCl₂ in 95% ethanol was a reliable method for induction of sterilization in 18–28 kg male dogs in this study. The approach showed long-term efficacy and reduced sexual behavior. This chemical method of sterilization might provide an effective, efficient alternative to surgical castration that can have positive impacts on dog welfare.     

甜叶菊叶片灭菌方法的研究

为筛选出适宜甜叶菊叶片灭菌的条件,以甜叶菊叶片为外植体,通过统计污染率、枯死率和愈伤组织诱导率来评价灭菌效果,研究不同灭菌剂、灭菌时间对灭菌效果的影响。结果表明:单一灭菌剂的灭菌效果不好,以0.1%HgCl2灭菌5min的愈伤组织诱导率较高,为44.5%;75%酒精与其它灭菌剂组合的灭菌效果好于单一灭菌剂,以75%酒精与0.1%HgCl2组合最好,污染率和枯死率较低,愈伤组织诱导率较高,适宜甜叶菊叶片灭菌的组合为75%酒精4s+0.1%HgCl24min,愈伤组织诱导率达86.7%。